2023 Student Loan Debt Statistics
Americans owe $1.77 trillion in student loan debt. And while the Biden administration attempted to shrink that amount by an estimated $430 billion, the Supreme Court in late June blocked the president’s student loan forgiveness plan.
This was crushing news for borrowers who’d already been approved for up to $20,000 in student loan relief. On top of that, federal student loan repayments will restart in October after being paused since March 2020.
The administration’s new SAVE repayment plan is expected to automatically forgive $39 billion in student loan debt — but that’s a far cry from the wider $430 billion plan.
As student loan repayments draw closer, our student loan debt statistics page looks at the burdens borrowers face. Continue reading for more.
On this page
Key student loan debt statistics
- Americans own $1.77 trillion in federal and private student loan debt as of the second quarter of 2023. That’s up 1.25% from the second quarter of 2022. $128.77 billion of that total through March 31, 2023, is private student loan debt.
- Students and parents borrowed an estimated $94.7 billion in the 2021-22 academic year. 46% of this was federal unsubsidized loans, 16% was federal subsidized loans, 13% was Grad PLUS loans, 13% was private or other nonfederal loans and 11% was Parent PLUS loans.
- 54% of the class of 2021 bachelor’s degree recipients who graduated from four-year public and private nonprofit colleges had student loan debt. They left school with an average of $29,100 in federal and private student loan debt. Those who graduated from private nonprofits had $33,000 in debt, while those from public colleges had $27,400 in debt. Private school graduates were slightly more likely to leave school with debt than public school graduates — 55% versus 53%.
- 45.3 million borrowers have federal student debt as of the second quarter of fiscal year 2022. That’s down slightly from 45.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021.
- 0.63% of student loans are 90 days or more delinquent as of the second quarter of 2023. That’s down from 4.55% in the second quarter of 2022 and 10.75% in the first quarter of 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Historic look at federal and private student loan debt
| Quarter | Total debt (in millions) |
|---|---|
| Q1 2006 | $480,966.98 |
| Q2 2006 | $487,126.04 |
| Q3 2006 | $510,548.46 |
| Q4 2006 | $521,382.49 |
| Q1 2007 | $544,988.55 |
| Q2 2007 | $549,270.83 |
| Q3 2007 | $577,380.56 |
| Q4 2007 | $589,489.28 |
| Q1 2008 | $619,315.89 |
| Q2 2008 | $626,605.60 |
| Q3 2008 | $660,584.20 |
| Q4 2008 | $675,952.58 |
| Q1 2009 | $707,226.80 |
| Q2 2009 | $712,319.16 |
| Q3 2009 | $746,522.52 |
| Q4 2009 | $771,699.75 |
| Q1 2010 | $800,069.82 |
| Q2 2010 | $811,148.77 |
| Q3 2010 | $845,804.78 |
| Q4 2010 | $855,483.43 |
| Q1 2011 | $896,848.42 |
| Q2 2011 | $905,157.15 |
| Q3 2011 | $940,339.02 |
| Q4 2011 | $959,823.95 |
| Q1 2012 | $994,279.74 |
| Q2 2012 | $1,011,259.92 |
| Q3 2012 | $1,041,034.04 |
| Q4 2012 | $1,054,565.11 |
| Q1 2013 | $1,092,013.85 |
| Q2 2013 | $1,099,606.79 |
| Q3 2013 | $1,134,180.98 |
| Q4 2013 | $1,145,550.75 |
| Q1 2014 | $1,182,061.19 |
| Q2 2014 | $1,190,488.72 |
| Q3 2014 | $1,226,394.06 |
| Q4 2014 | $1,235,751.47 |
| Q1 2015 | $1,271,844.96 |
| Q2 2015 | $1,278,764.93 |
| Q3 2015 | $1,311,766.42 |
| Q4 2015 | $1,320,248.14 |
| Q1 2016 | $1,358,137.44 |
| Q2 2016 | $1,365,269.84 |
| Q3 2016 | $1,398,573.21 |
| Q4 2016 | $1,405,332.16 |
| Q1 2017 | $1,440,358.57 |
| Q2 2017 | $1,446,680.08 |
| Q3 2017 | $1,479,029.56 |
| Q4 2017 | $1,488,895.48 |
| Q1 2018 | $1,523,343.77 |
| Q2 2018 | $1,530,756.56 |
| Q3 2018 | $1,560,681.66 |
| Q4 2018 | $1,566,903.43 |
| Q1 2019 | $1,597,654.08 |
| Q2 2019 | $1,603,292.89 |
| Q3 2019 | $1,635,131.96 |
| Q4 2019 | $1,637,880.71 |
| Q1 2020 | $1,671,968.77 |
| Q2 2020 | $1,672,503.13 |
| Q3 2020 | $1,696,474.62 |
| Q4 2020 | $1,693,860.24 |
| Q1 2021 | $1,718,706.55 |
| Q2 2021 | $1,719,067.51 |
| Q3 2021 | $1,739,443.83 |
| Q4 2021 | $1,733,415.18 |
| Q1 2022 | $1,747,455.51 |
| Q2 2022 | $1,744,007.00 |
| Q3 2022 | $1,761,742.00 |
| Q4 2022 | $1,764,067.41 |
| Q1 2023 | $1,774,909.90 |
| Q2 2023 | $1,765,763.08 |
Source: Federal Reserve
Federal student loan portfolio
Data from the U.S. Department of Education’s Federal Student Aid office allows us to dive into how much federal student loan debt borrowers carry by loan program, repayment plan and more. The following data is from the second quarter of 2023 (except for the servicer information, which is updated as of March 2023).
Federal student loan debt statistics by loan program
| Loan program | Dollars outstanding | Recipients |
|---|---|---|
| Direct loans | $1,446.0 billion | 38.3 million borrowers |
| FFEL loans | $194.7 billion | 8.7 million borrowers |
| Perkins loans | $3.7 billion | 1.2 million borrowers |
| Total (all federal) | $1,644.5 billion | 43.6 million unduplicated borrowers |
Federal student loan debt statistics by loan debt
| Loan debt | Dollars outstanding | Recipients |
|---|---|---|
| Stafford subsidized | $296.2 billion | 30.3 million borrowers |
| Stafford unsubsidized | $584.9 billion | 30.7 million borrowers |
| Stafford combined | $881.1 billion | 34.9 million unique recipients |
| Grad PLUS | $100.7 billion | 1.7 million borrowers |
| Parent PLUS | $111.7 billion | 3.7 million borrowers |
| Perkins | $3.7 billion | 1.2 million borrowers |
| Consolidation | $547.3 billion | 10.7 million borrowers |
Federal student loan debt statistics by loan status (direct loan program)
| Loan status | Dollars outstanding | Recipients |
|---|---|---|
| Loans in repayment | $10.1 billion | 0.3 million borrowers |
| Loans in deferment | $113.8 billion | 3.1 million borrowers |
| Loans in forbearance | $1,082.2 billion | 26.7 million borrowers |
| Loans in default | $101.4 billion | 4.6 million borrowers |
| Loans in grace period | $18.4 billion | 1.0 million borrowers |
Federal student loan debt statistics by repayment plan (direct loan program)
| Repayment plan | Dollars outstanding | Recipients |
|---|---|---|
| Level repayment plan (10 years or less) | $211.2 billion | 10.7 million borrowers |
| Level repayment plan (greater than 10 years) | $77.3 billion | 1.8 million borrowers |
| Graduated repayment plan (10 years or less) | $84.8 billion | 2.9 million borrowers |
| Graduated repayment plan (greater than 10 years) | $15.7 billion | 0.3 million borrowers |
| Income-contingent (ICR) | $39.0 billion | 0.8 million borrowers |
| Income-based (IBR) | $162.9 billion | 2.6 million borrowers |
| Pay As You Earn (PAYE) | $113.5 billion | 1.5 million borrowers |
| Revised Pay As You Earn (REPAYE) | $197.1 billion | 3.3 million borrowers |
| Alternative | $44.2 billion | 1.3 million borrowers |
Federal student loan debt by servicer
| Repayment | Deferment | Forbearance | In-school | Grace | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outstanding (billions) | Recipients (millions) | Outstanding (billions) | Recipients (millions) | Outstanding (billions) | Recipients (millions) | Outstanding (billions) | Recipients (millions) | Outstanding (billions) | Recipients (millions) | ||||||
| Great Lakes | $1.3 | 0.03 | $9.0 | 0.22 | $131.4 | 2.89 | $5.0 | 0.22 | $1.0 | 0.05 | |||||
| Nelnet | $1.3 | 0.05 | $39.0 | 1.07 | $335.7 | 9.69 | $37.6 | 1.92 | $6.4 | 0.35 | |||||
| Aidvantage | $3.1 | 0.12 | $22.9 | 0.59 | $263.2 | 6.58 | $14.7 | 0.75 | $2.9 | 0.15 | |||||
| MOHELA | $4.0 | 0.09 | $24.5 | 0.66 | $298.5 | 5.92 | $23.9 | 1.30 | $3.5 | 0.18 | |||||
| Edfinancial | $0.7 | 0.03 | $15.3 | 0.49 | $76.8 | 2.97 | $24.2 | 1.26 | $3.4 | 0.18 | |||||
| OSLA | $0.0 | 0.00 | $4.9 | 0.18 | $14.5 | 0.72 | $8.2 | 0.55 | $1.2 | 0.09 | |||||
Federal and private student loan debt by state
Here’s a LendingTree analysis of student loan debt by state based on the anonymized credit reports of more than 150,000 LendingTree users in December 2022. Check out our page for more detailed statistics at the state level.
Average student loan debt by state
| Rank | State | Average balance |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | District of Columbia | $60,037 |
| 2 | Maryland | $53,141 |
| 3 | Georgia | $50,390 |
| 4 | Florida | $50,005 |
| 5 | Delaware | $48,863 |
| 6 | Alabama | $47,612 |
| 7 | Virginia | $47,507 |
| 8 | New Hampshire | $47,072 |
| 9 | Illinois | $46,575 |
| 10 | Mississippi | $45,940 |
| 11 | New York | $45,933 |
| 12 | North Carolina | $45,680 |
| 13 | South Carolina | $45,619 |
| 14 | New Jersey | $45,153 |
| 15 | Tennessee | $44,549 |
| 16 | Michigan | $44,296 |
| 17 | Kentucky | $43,840 |
| 18 | Connecticut | $43,695 |
| 19 | Rhode Island | $43,336 |
| 20 | Colorado | $43,157 |
| 21 | Idaho | $43,094 |
| 22 | Missouri | $42,937 |
| 23 | Arkansas | $42,673 |
| 24 | Massachusetts | $42,582 |
| 25 | Oregon | $42,332 |
| 26 | Pennsylvania | $42,243 |
| 27 | Washington | $42,201 |
| 28 | Iowa | $41,599 |
| 29 | Arizona | $41,597 |
| 30 | Ohio | $41,552 |
| 31 | Texas | $41,299 |
| 32 | California | $40,945 |
| 33 | Nevada | $40,747 |
| 34 | Louisiana | $40,696 |
| 35 | Hawaii | $40,263 |
| 36 | Wisconsin | $40,096 |
| 37 | Alaska | $39,912 |
| 38 | Indiana | $39,907 |
| 39 | Montana | $39,645 |
| 40 | Kansas | $39,460 |
| 41 | Oklahoma | $39,455 |
| 42 | Vermont | $39,330 |
| 43 | North Dakota | $38,665 |
| 44 | Utah | $37,661 |
| 45 | Minnesota | $37,651 |
| 46 | New Mexico | $37,580 |
| 47 | Maine | $35,778 |
| 48 | Nebraska | $35,727 |
| 49 | South Dakota | $34,052 |
| 50 | West Virginia | $33,856 |
| 51 | Wyoming | $29,809 |
Source: Analysis of anonymized credit reports of more than 150,000 LendingTree users in December 2022. Note: Includes federal and private student loans.
Private student loan debt statistics
While certain sources track federal and private student loan data together, others gather based on private loans alone. Here’s a closer look at some stats in that realm:
- Americans owe an estimated $128.77 billion to private student lenders as of the first quarter of 2023. This accounts for an estimated 7.3% of total outstanding federal and private student loan debt.
- 14 contributors to the Enterval Analytics Private Student Loan Report — Citizens Bank, Discover Bank, Navient, PNC Bank, Sallie Mae Bank, SoFi, College Ave Student Loans, Navy Federal Credit Union and six members from the Education Finance Council — account for $58.48 billion of that $128.77 billion total.
- Undergraduate loans account for 88.93% and graduate loans account for 11.07% of the outstanding balance held by those 14 contributors.
- Among the private student loans held by those contributors as of the end of the first quarter of 2023, 76.3% are in repayment, 19.3% are in deferment, 3.0% are in a grace period and 1.4% are in forbearance.
- 1.44% of private student loans are 90 days or more delinquent as of the first quarter of 2023, compared with 1.30% the year prior.
- 90.30% of undergraduate and 65.42% of graduate private loans were cosigned during the 2022-23 academic year.
Public Service Loan Forgiveness statistics
LendingTree has an in-depth student loan forgiveness statistics roundup that looks at various types of programs. Still, we thought we’d provide a separate breakdown of the latest on the most impactful program — Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF).
The Federal Student Aid data here is through March 2023 — the latest available — and looks at the PSLF programs as a whole, including PSLF, Temporary Expanded PSLF (TEPSLF) and the limited waiver:
- PSLF borrowers with one or more approved PSLF employment certification forms and a positive loan balance: 2,018,181
- Total combined PSLF forms submitted: 5,462,098, with 3,139,959 completed forms
- Unique borrowers granted PSLF (PSLF, TEPSLF and waiver): 500,519 (versus 388,216 through January 2023)
- Average balance forgiven (PSLF, TEPSLF and waiver): $68,547 (versus $68,707 through January 2023)
Sources
- LendingTree
- Federal Reserve
- Enterval Analytics
- CollegeBoard
- Federal Reserve Bank of New York
- Federal Student Aid (here and here)