Roughly 1.5 Million Single Dads in U.S. Represent 5% of Parent-Child Families
It’s not easy being a single parent. But in addition to the challenges of raising children alone, single fathers face a unique set of stigmas and challenges, many of which may feel isolating. Yet, according to a new report from LendingTree, there are over 1.5 million single dads in the U.S. — a number that’s anything but insignificant.
In recognition of Father’s Day, LendingTree researchers looked at where fathers are parenting by themselves. This study looks at the number of single fathers who live with their children and compares it to single-mother families, parents living with unmarried partners and parents who live with spouses.
Key findings
- Single fathers head 4.6% of families where parents live with their children. This translates to more than 1.5 million single fathers. In contrast, more than 6.3 million single-mother families represent 19.1% of parent-child families.
- Single fathers are most prevalent in Nevada. In the Silver State, single fathers represent 6.8% of parent-child families; the other states above 6% are Montana and Oklahoma. On the other hand, single fathers make up less than 4% of parent-child families in Utah, New Jersey, Massachusetts and New York — the lowest in the U.S.
- Montana rises to the top when we narrow that view to single-parent families headed by fathers. Here, the difference is it’s looking solely at single-dad families versus single-mom families. In Montana, 31.0% of single-parent families are headed by fathers, followed by Maine (27.6%) and North Dakota (27.0%). Comparatively, dads are least likely to lead single-parent families in Mississippi (12.6%), the District of Columbia (13.4%) and Alabama (14.6%).
- The average income for single-father families is $67,405 — a third less than the average for all families where parents raise their children ($101,536). Even so, it’s significantly higher than the average income among single-mother families ($40,500).
- Single fathers are most financially behind other parent-child families in the District of Columbia. Single fathers earn 53.6% less, on average, than all parent-child families within the district — $75,399 versus $162,354. The other states with the widest gaps are Vermont (47.2%) and Massachusetts (42.7%). The states with the narrowest gaps are Wyoming (21.7%), Nevada (22.6%) and Mississippi (22.9%).
LendingTree researchers analyzed U.S. Census Bureau 2020 American Community Survey microdata to calculate the number of families headed by single men, single women, married couples and unmarried couples who live with their own children younger than 18.
Single parents, in this case, are people who don’t live with a spouse or unmarried partner. Married and unmarried partners include same-sex couples. “Own children” include:
- Biological children
- Adopted children
- Stepchildren
Prevalence of single dads, by state
When it comes to families where parents live with their children, parents with partners (either married or unmarried) are most common, accounting for 76.3% of parent-child families. Although single parents lead only 23.7% of parent-child families, the bulk of this is single mothers (19.1%) — single fathers lead just 4.6% of all parent-child families.
Source: LendingTree analysis of U.S. Census Bureau 2020 American Community Survey (five-year estimates) microdata.
But while single-father families aren’t all that common, LendingTree researchers found that Nevada has the largest rate of single-father families, at 6.8% of all parent-child families. Montana (6.3%) and Oklahoma (6.1%) have the next-highest shares of single fathers who live with their children.
In states where single-father families are least prevalent, the percentage of single dads living with children plummets below 4% of all parent-child families. In Utah and New Jersey, single-father families are nearly half as prevalent as in Nevada — accounting for just 3.6% of all parent-child families in each state. Massachusetts and New York are also at the bottom of the list, with single dads making up 3.7% and 3.9% of the parent-child families in each state, respectively.
Source: LendingTree analysis of U.S. Census Bureau 2020 American Community Survey (five-year estimates) microdata
Where single-father families come closest to rate of single-mother families
While single-father families are nowhere near as prevalent as single-mother families in the U.S., some states come closer to closing the gap than others.
When looking solely at single parents and not all parent-child families, Montana has the largest share of single dads compared to single moms. Among the single-parent families in Montana, 31.0% are led by single-father families.
Notably, however, Montana has a smaller percentage of single-parent families than the U.S. average. Just 20.3% of all parent-child families in Montana are led by single parents — 41st overall and below the U.S. average of 23.7%.
Single dads also come closer to matching the rate of single moms in Maine (27.6%) and North Dakota (27.0%). Both states also have a lower rate of single-parent families than the U.S. average — Maine is 40th (20.4%) and North Dakota is 37th (20.9%).
Conversely, the states where the rate of single moms far outnumbers the rate of single dads the most are where single-parent families are most common.
Mississippi, which ranks second-highest for single-parent households, sees the widest margin between partnerless mothers and fathers. While 33.2% of parent-child families in the state are single-parent, single fathers lead just 12.6% of these. In the District of Columbia, where the gap between single moms and single dads is second-largest, single-parent families make up 39.5% of parent-child relationships — the highest of any state — but single dads lead just 13.4% of them.
Source: LendingTree analysis of U.S. Census Bureau 2020 American Community Survey (five-year estimates) microdata.
Source: LendingTree analysis of U.S. Census Bureau 2020 American Community Survey (five-year estimates) microdata.
Single-father salaries are a third lower than married families
The average income for families headed by single dads is $67,405, a third less than the average for all families where parents raise their children ($101,536).
Among the financial disadvantages that single-father families face, a recent LendingTree study found that child care costs are on the rise, too. U.S. workers now spend up to an average of 29% of their income on child care for kids younger than 5.
However, while dual-income households hold an obvious advantage, the average income for single dads is still higher than the average income for unmarried partners ($43,389).
This gap may be because single fathers are typically more educated than cohabiting parents — only 12% of cohabiting fathers have at least a bachelor’s degree, compared with 26% of single fathers, according to U.S. Census Bureau 2020 American Community Survey (five-year estimates) data. A separate 2018 Pew Research Center analysis showed solo parents are more likely to be older than cohabiting partners, meaning work experience may also account for income differences.
Single dads also earn significantly more than single-mother families ($40,500). Single mothers are slightly less likely than single dads to have a bachelor’s degree (23%), according to the 2020 Census data. In addition, the gender pay gap may further contribute to this difference — according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), women in the U.S. earned 16.9% less than men on average in 2021.
Demographic factors may also exacerbate income gaps: On average, Black women earn 29.4% less weekly than white men, according to the BLS.
Source: LendingTree analysis of U.S. Census Bureau 2020 American Community Survey (five-year estimates) microdata.
Which state has the widest income gap — and which has the smallest?
Single dads fare the worst in D.C., where they earn 53.6% less than families with two parents — an average of $75,399, compared with the partnered-parent family average of $162,354. Following D.C., the incomes of single fathers are most different from partnered-parent salaries in Vermont and Massachusetts. For comparison, the breakdown is:
- Vermont: $51,155 versus $96,851 (47.2% gap)
- Massachusetts: $79,426 versus $138,668 (42.7% gap)
On the other hand, single dads in Wyoming are the most likely to make salaries that more closely align with those of two-parent families. The average salary for single dads here is $71,142, while two-parent families earn $90,800 — a 21.7% difference. Nevada and Mississippi rank second and third for single dads, where they make:
- Nevada: $66,088 versus $85,387 (22.6% gap)
- Mississippi: $54,636 versus $70,821 (22.9% gap)
Source: LendingTree analysis of U.S. Census Bureau 2020 American Community Survey (five-year estimates) microdata.
3 ways single fathers can find more financial freedom
According to LendingTree chief consumer finance analyst Matt Schulz, the greatest financial risks single-father households face go beyond the income gap.
“It’s really about financial margin for error,” Schulz says. “Single fathers don’t have a second income to fall back on in case of job loss, medical emergency or other financial catastrophes. They may not have as much access to credit as partnered-parent families, especially if both parents have good credit. Single fathers don’t have the same flexibility with child care. In short, single fathers have more limited options, and when you’re trying to raise a kid, that is incredibly important.”
For single fathers looking to expand their financial freedom, Schulz offers the following advice:
- A budget is crucial. Creating a budget to pay off debt can give you the ability to make choices and prioritize what matters, Schulz says. Whether that’s child care, college savings or keeping your kid clothed and fed, understanding your flexibility and limitations makes it easier for you to plan and pay off existing debts.
- Be thoughtful about your future expenses. Schulz advises people to take the time to understand how much money is coming in and going out of their household each month and use that information to make some important decisions — like financing their child’s college education. “Don’t hesitate to trim some expenses to free up money to fund your priorities,” Schulz says. “Get creative with ways to bring in a little more income.”
- The most important thing: Take action, no matter how small. “Life is the most stressful when things feel out of our control,” Schulz says. “Taking steps to improve your situation, even small ones, can be empowering and motivating, and that feeling can keep you moving forward even on the most challenging days.”
Methodology
LendingTree researchers analyzed microdata from the U.S. Census Bureau 2020 American Community Survey (five-year estimates) to calculate the number of families headed by single men, single women, married couples and unmarried couples who live with their own children younger than 18.
For this study, single parents are people living with their minor children who are neither married nor living with unmarried partners. Married and unmarried partners include same-sex couples.
“Own children” include biological, adopted and stepchildren who are younger than 18 and unmarried. This study doesn’t include households and institutions where children live without at least one parent.
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- Key findings
- Prevalence of single dads, by state
- Where single-father families come closest to rate of single-mother families
- Single-father salaries are a third lower than married families
- Which state has the widest income gap — and which has the smallest?
- 3 ways single fathers can find more financial freedom
- Methodology
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